Acidproof tank



H. W. FENDER ACIDPROOF TANK Jan. 17, 1933.

Filed Aug. 1, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 a A A k dr lrd L Fig.1.

H. w. FENDER 1,894,371

ACIDPROOF TANK 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 1, 1928 B j Mgr Jan. 17,1933. w, FENDER 1,894,371

ACIDPROOF TANK Filed Aug. 1, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 nwanw a dovetailundercut or like back and spaced- Patented Jan. 17, 1933 UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE HAROLD WILLIAM FENDER, or wnnnnsnunv, ENGLAND, Assicrnon'ro rnononrrn, s. A.,

OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND I AcInrnoor TANK Application filed August 1,1928, Serial No. 296,841, and in GreatBritain August 221927.

This invention relates to acid-proof and other tanks. It includes tanksfor holding acids or other corrosive liquids, or for holding liquidswhich are neither acid nor corro sive, and may be alkalinevor neutral.It also includes tanks of all kinds, suitable for hold ing solid, liquidor gaseous bodies, whether acid, alkaline or neutral. It may be appliedtothe making of lining of acid and other containers, process tanks orvats and sumps as well as to such diversetanks as electrical net workpits.

The object of the invention. is to provide improved constructions oftanks particularly suitable for the above purposes;

The invention in brief consists in a method of forminga tank in whichthere is provided an outer container of suflicient mechanical strengthbut not necessarily inert or resistant to acids or the like, the innerlining for the aforesaid. container being composed of suitably inertbricks or blocks provided with away from the outer container'and anintermediate layer of cement or l1ke substance which thoughsubstantially solid when cold may be poured when hot and is so poured toform a continuous inert layer between theinner lining of the bricks orblocks and the outer vessel. f v

The invention also consists in methods of constructing tankssubstantially as herein described and in tanks substantially as hereindescribed. 1

Referring to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings V I v Figure 1 is anisometricview ofa brick formed in accordance with one constructionaccording to the present invention, and

Figure 2 is a modified form; Figure 3 indicates a dovetail joint betweentwo blocks withfl'at contiguous faces.

Figured shows a modified form of Figure 8, in which blocksare providedwith broken or'keyed edges, and includes a corner joint. Figure'5 is asection ofthe wall of a vessel showinglining, keying compound and outercontainer.

Figure 6Iis v an isometric projection of a tankade in accordance withone form of the Figure 8 isan illustration of a formof brick or blocksuitable for covering the outside of a corner of a tank.. I a

Figure9 is an illustration of a form of brick or block suitable forcovering the insideof a tank; v

Figure, 10 shows a form of junction brick or block suitable for coveringthe inside of the base corners of a tank.

Figure 11 represents a form of brick or block suitable for covering theoutside of a junction such as maybe formed at the base of a buttressprojecting intoa tank. 1 i.

In carrying the invention into effect, in the'form showniin Figure l byway of exam- I ple, a brick a, suitable for instance fora lining of atank, is composed of material according to British Letters Patent Nor$201,650. This brick has on its back a continuous dovetail recess 7). a7

In the form shown in Figure 2, the brick a. is also provided with anedge key 0 on two sides and one the other two sides with an edge keyway(Z, suitable for the reception of the keys 0 of adjacent bricks theprincipal function of these keys and keyways being to maintain accurateregister of the bricks or block forming for example the inner lining ofa tank in all conditions of use.

In Figure 3 is shown the laying together I of two bricks a. with thelower part of the per part of the groove 6 in the lower brick, for

groove 6 in the top brick, adjacent to the uppurposes which will bereferred to below with reference to Figure 5;

In Figure 4, three bricks a are assembled,

as in Figure 3, together with a corner brick e which is also providedwith dovetail grooving 1), and, as'shown, is provided with dove tailgrooves at the corner f. The bricks shown in Figure 4; are of the natureof those illustrated in 'Figure 2, in that keyways (Z with cooperatingkeys arev employed.

In Figure 5 there isshown an assemblage ofvbricks a similar to theillustration Figure t, applied in the lining of an outer containerg,made for example of concrete, brick or wood. Between the container 9 andthe bricks a there is'provided re-inforcing or protecting material it,which may be of ex- 5 panded metal and felt, held to the container 9 bymeans of screws 11in suitably filled holes The screws are permitted toproject some what above the reinforcement 71. After assembly, a jointing composition in suitable form is introduced into the space formedby clearness, and the bricks drawn as those of Figure 1 rather thanthose of Figure 2.

In Figure 7, the bricks illustrated are similar to those of Figure 2,and in addition,

special corner bricks m are provided with a special corner junctionbrick n.

The outside corner bricks 1 may conveniently be of the form shown inFigure 8. The brick shown in Figure 8 is provided with a dovetail groove1", key 9, and keyways 1).

As an inner corner brick that shown in Figure 9 may be used.- This brickis pro.-

'vided with a dovetail groove r, keys g and keyways y).

The inner unction corner bricks amay be made as shown in Figure 10. Thebrick shown in that drawing has a dovetail groove 1 and keyways 70.

The outside corner brick shown in Figure 11 may be employed, this havinga dovetail groove 1", and a curved portion 8. It is also provided withkeyways p the shape of the dovetail groove, key and keyways, beingsuitably chosen having regard to the parts with which the bricks are tofit.

In building up a tank according to the present invention in oneway, thefirst operation is to tap small holes j at definite points,

round the'walls and floor o f'the concrete consay six inches apart, inthe inner face of an outer container 9. Into these holes are insertedfibre tubes, and into these tubes the screws 2' with large heads arefixed, the action being to makethe screw hold firmly in the concrete.Itheheads alone protruding from the con The screws 2' are finallyleftwith crete i l Vhen the screws have been inserted all tainer thefloor ofthe container is flooded with heated acid-proof compound whichis of a fluid nature when made very'hot, so that it can be easilypoured.

By this means, a solid The next step is to take a number of specialbricks as already described, and build them with the recessed parttowards the flooded j concrete floor, but a space should be left betweeneach brick of about a quarter of an inch. The next operation is topourhot acid-proof compound between all these bricks in such a way that itfills up all the spaces and keys on to the already flooded bottom. Atight covering has now been placed all over the bottom, but it should benoted that in construction such as Figure 6 where the bricks comeagainst the upright.

walls aspace of about halfan inch should be allowed so that the properforming of the joint can be continued np thesides ofllthe container.course of bricks all round. the structure at a time, leaving a small gapbetween the bricks and the container, an'd'after placing each The wallsarenow built'up' one I course hot acid-proof compou'ndmust bepoured-between the bricks and the outer container. p .Q

The cross joints whenbuildingK the bricks up the walls, i.e. the facejoints, should be caulkedx or the bricks set asthey are built up in avery good silicate or other suitable cement applied'as a very'thinjoint. This gives a finish to the lining, and also; facilitates thebuilding of .the tank.

-Modifications maybe made in the arrangements or forms described above.For1example, the keys 0 and g and keyways d and 19 maybe disposed closertoone face of the brick than to the other. It may befnoted that thepurpose of the employment ,of the key. and the keyway isto enable thebricks readily to be assembled and to maintain accurate register of thebricks orblocks forming the inner'lining in all conditions .of'use.

The function of the employment, ofthe keys and keyways closer to theface of the brick than to the back of the brick is to permit anysuitable jointing. material which may be placed between courses to beextruded l from the face ofthebrick where it can be readily removed, butonly slightly extruded into the dovetails which are at the back of thebrick, one-half of which is at the bottom of any given brick, theother-half being at the top of the adjacent brick.

The joints between adjacent faces of the ;v e"rtical walls and thejoints between the vertical walls and the base arefforined by means ofspecial edge'bricks, curved at the part which will form part of the"inner-sur face of the vessel and provided with locating keys and keywayson the edgesabutting.

against; the jointing surfaces.

The bricks :are providedwithfdovetails or keyways at the back orattheba'se to suit the other dovetails or keyways ofth t k may bedesired.

The four corners at the I base of tanklining are provided with cornerpieces somewhat that the jointing composition has access to it,

and if desired the felt or the like may be omitted.

The uses to which vessels according to the present invention may be putinclude both high temperature and low temperature work.

In the case say of a pickling vessel, in which the temperature of usemaybe about C., the jointing composition may conveniently be made frombitumen and a fine mineral powder. i

A suitable composition is as follows The powder is preferably graded,and it i is desirable that it should contain a substantial proportion ofvery fine powder, for example about per cent. to 7 5 per cent. of apowder passing a sieve having about 200 meshes per linear inch.

The present invention may be employed in those cases referred to above,or for other tanks, and these may be used either for containing liquids.or for containing solids, or gases whether these be acid, alkaline orneutral. Thetemperature of use may be as previously stated, or may bedifierent, for example higher.

In those cases where expanded metal has been described above, this metalmay be avoided or omitted.

According to a modification, the bottom bricks may have a completegroove all the way round the edges. Further. especially in the case oflining the outside of tanks, modlfied corner bricks may be used, thesehaving special interlocking projections and grooves. Different bricks,suitably shaped, are preferably employed for bottom corners, and forside or edge joints. Where necessary, suitable keys and keyways areused, with the object of preventing creeping of the lining.

The invention is particularly useful in the lining of acid containers,process tanks or vats and sumps, but is not limited thereto and may beused for other purposes for instance as indicated above.

Further, where reference has been made to acid-proof vessels, thisincludes vessels proof against alkalis or against liquids or againstgases or other materials as may in any particular case be requlred ordesired.

Further, the word bricks imports blocks and vice versa. 7 e

I claim:

1; An acid-proof tank construction, comprlsmg an outer container, aninner lining of inert bricks suitably spaced from sa1d container andprovided with projections of height less than the width of the aforesaidspacing, said space having placed therein a reinforcing material and afiller between said container and said lining.

2. An acid-proof tank construction, comprising an outer container, aninner lining of .inert bricks suitably spaced from said container andprovided with projections of height less than the width of the aforesaidspacing, and a filler between said container and said inner lining, saidfiller consisting of inert material which is substantially solid whencold but may be poured when hot and contains a mineral powder.

3. An acid-proof tank construction, comprising an outer container, aninner lining of inert bricks suitably spaced from said container andprovided with projections of height less than the width of the aforesaidspacing, and a filler between said container and said inner lining, saidfiller consisting of a mixture of about 40 bitumen and 60% fine mineralpowder.

l. An acid-proof tank construction, comprising an outer container, aninner lining of inert bricks suitably spaced from said container andprovided with projections of height less than the width of the aforesaidspacing, and a filler between said container and said inner lining, saidfiller consisting of a mixture of about 40% bitumen and 60% fine mineralpowder 'of which powder HAROLD WILLIAM FENDER. 1

